When programs start dealing with real data, simple variables are not enough.

Imagine you want to store information about a person:

• name

• age

• city

You could store them in separate variables:

let name = "Akhil"
let age = 22
let city = "Bengaluru"

This works, but it becomes messy when the data grows.

This is where objects help.

An object allows us to group related data together in a single structure.

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What Are Objects in JavaScript?

An object is a collection of key–value pairs.

Each piece of data contains:

• a key -the name of the property

• a value -the actual data

Example:

const person = {
  name: "Akhil",
  age: 22,
  city: "bengaluru"
}

Here:

• name, age, and city are keys

• "Akhil", 22, "Delhi" are values

This makes it easier to represent real-world data.

Creating Object

Objects are created using curly braces {}.

Example:

const person = {
  name: "Akhil",
  age: 22,
  city: "Delhi"
}

Each property inside the object is separated by a comma.

Objects can store different types of values:

const user = {
  username: "akhil",
  age: 22,
  isStudent: true
}

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Accessing Object Properties

There are two ways to access values from an object.

1. Dot Notation

This is the most common method.

console.log(person.name)
console.log(person.age)

Output:

Akhil
22

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2. Bracket Notation

We can also access properties using square brackets.

console.log(person["city"])

Output:

Bengaluru

Bracket notation is useful when the property name is dynamic.

Example:

const key = "name"

console.log(person[key])

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Updating Object property

Updating a property is very simple.

Just assign a new value.

person.age = 23

console.log(person.age)

Output:

23

JavaScript objects are mutable, it means their values can be changed.

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Adding new property

We can also add new properties to an object.

Example:

person.country = "India"

console.log(person)

Now the object becomes:

{
  name: "Akhil",
  age: 23,
  city: "Bengaluru",
  country: "India"
}

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Deleting Object properties

If we want to remove a property, we use the delete keyword.

Example:

delete person.city

Now the city property is removed from the object.

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Looping in objects

Sometimes we want to print all properties inside an object.

We can do this using a for...in loop.

Example:

const person = {
  name: "Akhil",
  age: 22,
  city: "bengaluru"
}

for (let key in person) {
  console.log(key, person[key])
}

Output:

name Akhil
age 22
city bengaluru

The loop gives us each key, and we can use that key to access its value.

Array v/s Objects

Array:

const fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"]

Access using index:

fruits[0]
fruits[1]

Object:

const person = {
  name: "Akhil",
  age: 22
}

Access using keys:

person.name
person.age

Arrays use indexes, objects use keys.

Assignment

Try these exercises to practice.

1. Create a Student Object

Create an object representing a student.

2. Update a Property

Update the student's age.

3. Add a New Property

Add a property called city.

4. Print All Keys and Values

Use a loop to print all properties.

Conclusion

Objects are one of the most important concepts in JavaScript.They help us represent real-world data in a structured way. Once you get comfortable with objects, many important topics like:

• APIs

• JSON

• databases

• frameworks

become much easier to understand. I hope this blog provide some value in your knowledge see you with another topic till then keep learning